Montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. September 2007 06 september 2007 cobenefits of the montreal protocol although ozone o 3 is present in small concentrations throughout the atmosphere, most ozone about 90% exists in the stratosphere, in a layer between 10km and 50km above the surface of the earth. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer has been signed by almost every country in the world. Nineteenth meeting of the parties montreal, 1721 september 2007. Ozone depletion ozone layer stratospheric ozone montreal protocol protocol negotiation. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer the montreal protocol is an international agreement made in 1987. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer was agreed to on september 16, 1987, and went into effect a few years later. United nations treaty collection photographs of signature ceremonies 14 september 2007 amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer adopted by the ninth meeting of the parties. Twenty fourth meeting of the parties geneva, 1216 november 2012. After it was found in 1985, the international montreal protocol was framed in 1987. The eu will thus continue to drive the worldwide move towards further controls. New zealand 21 july 1988 with a declaration of non application to the cook is lands and niue. World meteorological organization, global ozone research and and monitoring project.
It is the only protocol ratified at the united nations that bans chlorine compounds in refrigerators and aerosols. Protocol on the authentic quinquelingual text of the. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer pdf 736kb plain language summary the montreal protocol is the international agreement that ensures the protection of the earths ozone layer through the global phaseout of ozonedepleting substances ods. Concluded at montreal on 16 sep tember 1987 authentic texts. Notwithstanding the provisions contained in this article and. This act may be cited as the montreal protocol substances that deplete the ozone layer act, 2006.
The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer a protocol to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. I transmit herewith, for the advice and consent of the senate to ratification, the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, done at montreal on september 16, 1987. The 20thanniversary of the montreal protocol a landmark environmental treaty. This fact sheet was revised october 16, 2007, to add the service tail time periods allowed for the reduction and phaseout of hcfcs. Representatives from around the globe, during their meeting in montreal in september 2007 for the 20th anniversary of the protocol and subsequent meetings, will need to consider. In 1994, the united nations general assembly proclaimed 16 september the international day for the preservation of the ozone layer, commemorating the date of the signing, in 1987, of the montreal. Nov 08, 2007 on 16 september 1987, 24 countries and the european commission signed the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. The montreal protocol for substances that deplete the ozone layer is one. Frequently asked questions and answers, montreal protocol 20th anniversary 3 with input from industry, environmental groups, other u. The montreal protocol a landmark environmental treaty. On 16th september 2009, the vienna convention and the montreal protocol became the first treaties in the history of the united nations to achieve universal ratification. Montreal, 17 september 1997 amendment to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. This protocol shall remain open for signature at montreal until 10 october 1995 and thereafter at washington. The montreal protocol identified both first generation and second generation ozone.
Assistant secretary of state for oceans, environment and science claudia a. Montreal protocol on ozone layer observed september 16 hts. Media note office of the spokesman washington, dc september 22, 2007 accelerated phaseout of ozonedepleting hcfcs. Be it enacted by the parliament of the commonwealth of dominica as follows. Please read the selected anniversaries guidelines before making your edit. Nov 22, 2014 the montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances ods believed to be responsible for ozone depletion the treaty was opened for signature on september 16, 1987, and entered into forece on. The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion. Protection of the ozone layer, it is the most universally ratified multilateral environmental agreement. Jan 01, 2007 this september will mark the 20th anniversary of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, an international agreement that set a schedule for freezing and then phasing out. But i suppose that for an ancient civilization like greece, the matter of timewhether 20 years or a quarterhouris not so important. Nineteenth meeting of the parties montreal, 1721 september 2007 81 twentieth meeting of the parties doha, 1620 november 2008 82.
Through a large case series, we present our experience of treating cerebral vasospasm with a protocol based on maintenance of homeostasis correction of. Unfortunately, the reason for the reduction of ozone hole is not the steps to reduce the usage of chlorine compounds. Aug 11, 2016 the white house office of the press secretary for immediate release december 21, 1987. On september 16 th, parties to the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer will celebrate the treatys 20 th anniversary. The adjustment was accepted by all 191 parties to the montreal protocol at the september 2007 meeting, which celebrated the 20 th anniversary of what is widely considered the most successful environmental treaty. From 16 to 21 september representatives from the 191 countries party to the montreal. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is the most successful global environmental agreement in history. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that.
Protocol on the authentic quinquelingual text of the convention on international civil aviation chicago, 1944 done. However, if your addition might be controversial or on a day that is or will soon be on the main page, please post your suggestion on. Open for signature in montreal on 16 september 1987, in ottawa from17. This september will mark the 20th anniversary of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, an international agreement that. The atmospheric abundance of eesc peaked in polar regions during the late 1990s, and a few years earlier at midlatitudes, owing to the longer time for surface air to be transported to the poles. Twentyfourth meeting of the parties geneva, 1216 november 2012. Apr 18, 2012 for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm, current therapies have focused on increasing blood flow through blood pressure augmentation, hypervolemia, the use of intraarterial vasodilators, and angioplasty of proximal cerebral vessels.
In the context of international environmental treaties, the montreal protocol has seen unparalleled success. The montreal protocol the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances ods believed to be responsible for ozone depletion the treaty was opened for signature on september 16, 1987, and entered into forece on. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer, done at montreal on september 16, 1987, to the vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer. The twentieth anniversary of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer was commemorated on sunday, 16 september 2007, with a seminar entitled celebrating 20 years of progress. This is a list of selected september 16 anniversaries that appear in the on this day section of the main page.
B regulation ec no 10052009 of the european parliament and. The montreal protocol and its implications for climate change. Zerefos for generously assigning me the task of expounding the history of the montreal protocol in just 15 minutes. This article evaluates the extent to which extant international relations theories can explain why all of the major cfc. The ozone layer is the protective shield of ozone gas that surrounds the earth and protects us from the suns harmful ultraviolet radiation. Montreal protocol an overview sciencedirect topics. In the afternoon preparatory segment, delegates agreed to forward a range of draft decisions to the highlevel segment, including draft decisions on the terms of reference for a study on the multilateral fund, and the montreal declaration. Handbook for the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the. The treaty was opened for signature on september 16, 1987, and entered into force on january 1, 1989. International day for the preservation of the ozone layer. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone.
The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. The treaty was designed to restore the ozone layer by ending production of odss and by encouraging alternative. The importance of the montreal protocol in protecting the climate. The montreal protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion. This day was designated by the united nations general assembly in 1994, to commemorate the signing of the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer on sep. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer ii. The adjustment explicitly adds climate protection to the montreal protocols traditional goal of ozone protection.
The montreal protocol is a landmark environmental agreement that has achieved unprecedented success. The montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer 6 a whether any substances, and if so which, should be added to or removed from any annex to this protocol, and b the mechanism, scope and timing of the control measures that should apply to those substances. International day for the preservation of the ozone layer, 16. Montreal protocol substances that deplete the ozone layer b. To suggest a new item, in most cases, you can be bold and edit this page. It was agreed on 16th september 1987, and entered into force on 1st january. On september 16, 1987, the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer was opened for signature.
Arabic, chinese, english, french, russian and spanish. It was designed to stop the production and import of ozone depleting substances and reduce their concentration in the atmosphere to help protect the earths ozone layer. Montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer. Montreal, 1517 september 1997 and by the eleventh meeting of the parties beijing, 29 november 3 december 1999 and further adjusted by the nineteenth meeting of the parties montreal, 1721 september 2007 and further amended by the twentyeighth meeting of the parties kigali, 1015 october 2016 preamble the parties to this protocol. On 16 september 1987, 24 countries and the european commission signed the montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer.
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